As the world's fourth most populous country (2020), Indonesia faces malnutrition problems in providing easy access to nutritious, safe, and affordable food as one of the impacts of uneven economic growth. 

Various forms of malnutrition, including anemia, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies, are major public health challenges, especially among adolescent girls, pregnant women, and children under five years old. Indonesia's typical high-carbohydrate and starchy food consumption pattern also triggers a double burden of malnutrition, characterized by malnutrition coexisting with overweight and obesity.